How the Internet Travels Across Oceans

Ninety-nine  percent of all internet traffic from this blog to your  favorite YouTube video to your school WhatsApp group runs on a covered network of undersea cables. The present life is gradually based on these slinky subaquatic wires and from time to time they get attacked by fishes like sharks, how does it work let's find out.

On the report of authoritative submarine cable map website  presently, there are 493 operatives under construction sub-sea internet cables intersecting the globe, covering relatively modest 300 kilometers from Azerbaijan to Turkmenistan. 

Wires running under the black sea to the vast 6600 km Marea cable linking Virginia beach in the US with Bill Bow in Northern Spain Marea weighs the same as 24 blue whales seemingly the firm's laying down this curved superhighway worldwide. There are now 1.5 million kilometers of undersea data wires, according to professional reports estimates show a normal transoceanic cable should set you back between 3 and 4 hundred million dollars which seems like a lot because they are not especially thick typically around the girth of a garden hose and that includes layers of protective thixotropic jelly around the all-important fiber optic core plus multiple sheaths and copper wiring to power it. On average they can shuttle an incredible 100 Gb per second in data with newer and forthcoming cables able to transmit 400 Gb per second. 

How does so much data fit down such thin channels?

This is done by the process of the data-wrangling technique known as dense wavelength division multiplexing. This Dense wavelength division multiplexing provides data that use more than one wavelength of light to transfer data through fiber optically instead of several wavelengths are working concurrently and are buzzy in creating astonishing data speed, this takes place at buzzing data centers like landing sites at either end of the cable or in the direction of cables on every 70 to 100 km. Cables are punctuated with repeaters, this originally serves as amplifiers holding the signal power up to far long distances that is why the cables are built up with copper conductors, transferring up to 10000 volts of DC to power the Repeaters. They are first coiled into vast cylindrical drums on narrow cable-laying ships as much as a year's groundwork and charting will go into framing the perfect transoceanic path. Poor sites for undersea cables involve places like volcanic or any location which are prone to Earthquake or mudslides, the cable is coiled out the back of the ship at a sedate pace of around 10 km an hour if the ship detects bad weather, the master can figure out whether to pull off the cord or tie it and retreat to atmospheric waters when the tempest passes the ship reinstate and take up where it left off accidents and disruption on the cables can and do happen in 2021 hurricane sandy in the US knocked out, several key transatlantic cables disrupting networks for hours in 2011 the Fukushima Earthquake in Japan caused similar online. The bulk of such disruptions is the results of human irresponsibility.

Boats used for fishing use nets, situated close to the shore significantly have more chances of such disruption as closer to the lander cables is the more possible, it will be carefully armor-plated many are even dug into the seabed in long dedicated trenches carved out using ship drawn plows.

Fishes have been spotted nibbling on one of Google's subsea cables. The US government has unvaryingly alerted of intercession in the cables from combative external powers like China. The US government should recognize all the whistleblower Edward Snowden revealed in 2013 how the NSA had no concern monitor on fiber optic communications the geopolitical imputations of undersea cables are also engrossing last year the Australian government interceded to prevent Chinese technology giant Huawei from installing a cable connection Australia with the Solomon Islands.

The fear is that China could use the link to gain access to Australia's important internal networks.

Now the question will arise in your mind who owns these cables.

It's an expensive business so virtually Quasi-National Telecom providers have raised the bill, the world's largest owner of cables remains America's AT&T with a stick in some 230000 km of undersea cable. The second-largest owner is China telecom frequently cables are owned by groups of up to 50 different owners together with tech firms local government firms and other businesses. This model assist spread the initial cost. It is less helpful when something goes wrong and no one can agree who has to put on a wetsuit and do something about it increasingly beg tech is recognizing, its range for growth is finite by the undersea cable network. Over the last few years, the huge majority of investment in undersea cable infrastructure has come from companies like Facebook which presently owns approximately 100000 km of cables.

Google owns approximately the same amount.

Amazon has its private network catching up with the online giant's mighty AWS (Amazon Web Services) data centers through cables crossing the Atlantic ocean, Pacific ocean, Indian ocean, Mediterranean sea, Red Sea, and the South China sea.

 The tech giants like to frame these vast environmentally disruptive infrastructure projects as a Civilization Enhancing Largesse on their part but they are also shareholder companies.

Elon Musk is about to make the internet wireless any time, cable method is the cheapest and most efficient means of eating vast packets of data over incredibly long distances fast. According to Elon, Star link is only focused on people who don't presently enjoy access to high-speed fiber but for now, the feature is very much undersea cables.

Recently this year Google and Facebook announced a joint initiative to build an undersea cable which was named Apricot and will link up Singapore, Japan, Guam, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Indonesia by the year 2024. 

The longest subaquatic cable ever a 45000 km monster called to Africa that will link up 33 nations was just bankrolled by a Facebook-led consortium.

What do you think, will mankind's ingenious submarine network one day look as obsolete as the telegraph, let us know in the comment and be active for the next update.

Thank you.